{"id":257,"date":"2015-06-24T13:35:07","date_gmt":"2015-06-24T12:35:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/?page_id=257"},"modified":"2015-12-10T10:26:00","modified_gmt":"2015-12-10T09:26:00","slug":"etage-subalpin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/index.php\/etage-subalpin\/","title":{"rendered":"L&#8217;\u00e9tage subalpin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<br class=' sb-br' \/> Entre l\u2019\u00e9tage montagnard, domaine de la for\u00eat et l\u2019\u00e9tage alpin, domaine des pelouses d\u2019altitude, l\u2019\u00e9tage subalpin est le domaine des derniers arbres et des prairies herbeuses, un milieu riche et vari\u00e9 offrant une belle biodiversit\u00e9. <br class=' sb-br' \/>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Image1.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[257]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1469 \" src=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Image1.jpg\" alt=\"Image1\" width=\"530\" height=\"304\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Image1.jpg 809w, http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Image1-300x172.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Image1-624x358.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 530px) 100vw, 530px\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<br class=' sb-br' \/> \u00a0<br class=' sb-br' \/>Dans cette zone qui va de 1700m \u00e0 2200m sur le versant nord (l&#8217;ombr\u00e9e, terme g\u00e9ographique pyr\u00e9n\u00e9en de l&#8217;ubac) et de 1900m \u00e0 2400m sur le versant sud (la soulane, terme g\u00e9ographique pyr\u00e9n\u00e9en de l&#8217;adret), la p\u00e9riode de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation ne d\u00e9passe gu\u00e8re 5 mois et la temp\u00e9rature moyenne annuelle est inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 8 \u00b0. <br class=' sb-br' \/>\u00a0 <br class=' sb-br' \/>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<br class=' sb-br' \/> <br class=' sb-br' \/> Du fait du froid qui raccourcit la saison de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, les arbres \u00e0 feuilles caduques (les feuillus) sont peu pr\u00e9sents, par rapport aux conif\u00e8res (sapin pectin\u00e9, pin \u00e0 crochets, \u00e9pic\u00e9a et m\u00e9l\u00e8ze de plantations). Le h\u00eatre a disparu mais on peut observer des bouleaux, des saules, des sorbiers et des aulnes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Le pin \u00e0 crochets (<i>Pinus uncinata<\/i>) est le plus adapt\u00e9 pour survivre en altitude, il doit son nom aux petites protub\u00e9rances en forme de crochets qui se trouvent sur les \u00e9cailles de ses c\u00f4nes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ces arbres sont entour\u00e9s le plus souvent d\u2019une strate arbustive constitu\u00e9e des rhododendrons, myrtilles, bruy\u00e8res, gen\u00e9vriers, (au port aplati et \u00e9tal\u00e9) dont les branches souples plient sous la neige. <br class=' sb-br' \/>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Image2.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[257]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1478 \" src=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Image2.jpg\" alt=\"Image2\" width=\"1172\" height=\"272\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Image2.jpg 1139w, http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Image2-300x70.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Image2-1024x238.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Image2-624x145.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1172px) 100vw, 1172px\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<br class=' sb-br' \/> Dans les pentes herbeuses, c\u2019est le \u00abgispet\u00bb qui est le plus pr\u00e9sent. Cette gramin\u00e9e (<i>Festuca eskia<\/i> ) est caract\u00e9ristique de la haute montagne pyr\u00e9n\u00e9enne, elle forme des touffes denses de feuilles fines tr\u00e8s piquantes&#8230; et glissantes ! <br class=' sb-br' \/>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">On peut aussi admirer 2 plantes end\u00e9miques des Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es : le lys des Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es et l\u2019iris des Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, mais aussi le lys martagon, les trolles, les asphod\u00e8les, les an\u00e9mones, les aconits&#8230; qui contribuent \u00e0 nous offrir ces magnifiques prairies color\u00e9es au fil des mois. <br class=' sb-br' \/>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1532\" style=\"width: 434px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_4062_redimensionner.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[257]\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1532\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1532\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_4062_redimensionner.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"424\" height=\"282\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_4062_redimensionner.jpg 900w, http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_4062_redimensionner-300x200.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_4062_redimensionner-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 424px) 100vw, 424px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1532\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Iris des Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_1533\" style=\"width: 434px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_5720.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[257]\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1533\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1533\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_5720.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_5720\" width=\"424\" height=\"282\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_5720.jpg 1000w, http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_5720-300x200.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_5720-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 424px) 100vw, 424px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1533\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lis des Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es<\/p><\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<br class=' sb-br' \/> <br class=' sb-br' \/> <br class=' sb-br' \/> <br class=' sb-br' \/> <br class=' sb-br' \/> <br class=' sb-br' \/> <br class=' sb-br' \/><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<br class=' sb-br' \/> <br class=' sb-br' \/> <br class=' sb-br' \/> Esp\u00e8ce relique et en situation critique, le grand t\u00e9tras se d\u00e9place dans ces zones arbustives \u00e0 la recherche de sa nourriture et profite des branches basses de pins \u00e0 crochets pour se percher. <br class=' sb-br' \/>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1486\" style=\"width: 446px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_8753.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[257]\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1486\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1486\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_8753.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_8753\" width=\"436\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_8753.jpg 1000w, http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_8753-300x200.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_8753-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1486\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pic noir<\/p><\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<br class=' sb-br' \/> Les oiseaux sont nombreux \u00e0 fr\u00e9quenter les derni\u00e8res for\u00eats de conif\u00e8res : pics noirs ou \u00e9peiches, sitelles, m\u00e9sanges noires ou hupp\u00e9es, becs crois\u00e9s, grimpereaux\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Dans les espaces plus d\u00e9gag\u00e9s on entend les pipits, accenteurs, merles \u00e0 plastron&#8230;mais aussi l\u2019aigle royal qui vient pr\u00e9lever son repas dans les populations de marmottes notamment. <br class=' sb-br' \/>\u00a0 <br class=' sb-br' \/>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1493\" style=\"width: 447px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_3707.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[257]\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1493\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1493\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_3707.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"437\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_3707.jpg 1000w, http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_3707-300x200.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_3707-624x417.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 437px) 100vw, 437px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1493\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Isards (adulte et jeune)<\/p><\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<br class=' sb-br' \/> <br class=' sb-br' \/> <br class=' sb-br' \/> Les isards qui vivent en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral plus haut, cherchent volontiers abri \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tage subalpin si la m\u00e9t\u00e9o l\u2019impose. <br class=' sb-br' \/>\u00a0 <br class=' sb-br' \/>\u00a0 <br class=' sb-br' \/>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<br class=' sb-br' \/> <br class=' sb-br' \/> <br class=' sb-br' \/> Les herbes et les buissons bas offrent des abris \u00e0 une multitude d\u2019animaux : l\u00e9zards, serpents, criquets, et les prairies fleuries attirent de nombreux papillons dont le superbe machaon.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Mais il ne faut pas oublier que l\u2019\u00e9tage subalpin est fortement soumis \u00e0 l\u2019influence humaine puisque c\u2019est la zone d\u2019estive, avec ses cabanes de bergers, les prairies d\u2019altitude offrant aux troupeaux de vaches, de brebis ou aux chevaux une herbe nourrissante.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Cette influence se fait sentir dans la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation car certains arbres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abattus pour agrandir les p\u00e2turages, mais surtout dans la pr\u00e9sence des esp\u00e8ces nitrophiles : orties (U<i>rtica<\/i>), oseille sauvage (R<i>umex<\/i>), \u00e9pinard sauvage (C<i>h\u00e9nopodium<\/i>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Les bousiers (<i>g\u00e9otrupes) <\/i>sont aussi tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9sents et ont un r\u00f4le important pour l\u2019\u00e9limination des excr\u00e9ments.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_4180.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[257]\"> <br class=' sb-br' \/> <\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1503\" style=\"width: 282px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_5440.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[257]\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1503\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1503\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_5440.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"272\" height=\"181\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_5440.jpg 1000w, http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_5440-300x200.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_5440-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 272px) 100vw, 272px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1503\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gypa\u00e8te barbu<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_1504\" style=\"width: 280px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_7513.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[257]\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1504\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1504\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_7513.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"270\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_7513.jpg 1000w, http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_7513-300x200.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/IMG_7513-624x416.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1504\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vautour fauve<\/p><\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<br class=' sb-br' \/> Enfin n\u2019oublions pas que si une brebis ou une vache meurt en alpage, les vautours n\u00e9crophages : fauves, percnopt\u00e8res et gypa\u00e8tes, sont les alli\u00e9s indispensables des \u00e9leveurs. <br class=' sb-br' \/>\u00a0 <br class=' sb-br' \/>\u00a0 <br class=' sb-br' \/>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Toutes photos : Fran\u00e7oise et Joel Duvernay<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 Entre l\u2019\u00e9tage montagnard, domaine de la for\u00eat et l\u2019\u00e9tage alpin, domaine des pelouses d\u2019altitude, l\u2019\u00e9tage subalpin est le domaine des derniers arbres et des prairies herbeuses, un milieu riche et vari\u00e9 offrant une belle biodiversit\u00e9. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Dans cette zone qui va de 1700m \u00e0 2200m sur le versant nord (l&#8217;ombr\u00e9e, terme g\u00e9ographique pyr\u00e9n\u00e9en [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/257"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=257"}],"version-history":[{"count":72,"href":"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/257\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2199,"href":"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/257\/revisions\/2199"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nature-comminges.asso.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}